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舒服英文范文1
Date of Signature:____________________.
Place of Signature:____________________.
This Contract is made and entered into through friendly negotiation by and between China____________________ (hereinafter referred to as “Client”), as one party, and____________________ (hereinafter referred to as“Consultant”),as the other party, concerning the technical consultancy service of__________, under the following terms and conditions:
Article 1 Contents of Technical Consultancy Service
1.1 Whereas Client desires to obtain the technical consultancy service of from Consultant and Consultant has agreed to perform such services.
1.2 The Scope of Technical Services is defined in Appendix 1.
1.3 The Time Schedule for the Services is shown in Appendix 2.
1.4 The Manning Schedule is described in Appendix 3.
1.5 Consultant shall complete the Services within__________months from the Effective Date of this Contract and furnish the final technical service report, including drawings, designing documents, all kinds of standards and photos, within____months. Consultant shall keep aware, free of charge, Client of the latest development of similar projects and any progress made in order to improve the designing of the project.
Article 2 Both Parties' Responsibility and Liability
2.1 Client shall furnish to Consultant the pertinent data, technical service reports, maps and information available to him and shall give to Consultant the reasonable assistance necessary for carrying out of his duties. Particularly Client shall nominate a general representative who shall be available at reasonable time.
2.2 Client shall assist Consultant with the responsible authorities for obtaining visas, work permits and other documents required by Consultant to enter the country and to have access to the Site of the Project. The above expenses shall be borne by Consultant.
2.3 Consultant shall furnish a sufficient number of competent personnel to perform its obligation hereunder, in addition to those personnel specifically listed in Appendix 3. All personnel employed by Consultant in carrying out the work shall be exclusively Consultant's responsibility, and Consultant shall hold Client harmless from any claims of any kind by Consultant's personnel arising out of any acts by Consultant or its personnel in connection with the work performed hereunder.
2.4 Consultant shall provide Client all the technical technical service reports and relevant documentation within the Scope of Technical Services and within the Time Schedule of the Time Schedule for the Services.
2.5 Consultant shall assist Client＇S personnel in his country in obtaining visas and in arranging lodgings. Hotel and boarding expenses shall be borne by Client. Consultant shall supply to Client＇S personnel office space and necessary facilities as well as transportation.
2.6 Consultant shall be responsible for and shall indemnify Client and his employee in respect of injury to person or damage to property occurring in connection with the services, to the extent that such damage or injury directly results from negligence of Consultant's personnel while engaged in activities under this Contract.Consultant shall be liable only to the work under this Contract.
2.7 Any and all liability of Consultant with respect to this Contract shall be limited to the Total Contract Price received by Consultant for his profession services and shall terminate upon expiration of the warranty period set forth in Article 7.3.
Article 3 Price and Payment
3.1 The total contract price is__________(say __________________only) in________(currency). The breakdown prices of the above mentioned total contract price are as follows:
Contract Price for Item 1: ______(say ____________only) in________ (currency); Contract Price for Item 2: ______(say ____________only) in________ (currency); Contract Price for Item 3: ______(say ____________only) in________ (currency); Contract Price for Item 4: ______(say ____________only) in________ (currency).
3.2 The total contract price will include all the service and technology provided by Consultant. The total contract price shall be firm and fixed and shall not fluctuate with any inflation. The total contract price shall include all charges and expenses incurred by Consultant in performing his obligations both in his own country and in the People's Republic of China and includes the expenses incurred in sending the Technical Documentation to Client's office by all kinds of forms.
In the event of Force Majeure as defined in the Contract, the total contract price shall be readjusted through friendly negotiations between the parties. If Client requires services not contemplated in the Scope of Services the parties shall friendly discuss an amendment to the
total contract price. Any such amendment shall be in writing countersigned by both parties. This document shall then form integral part of the Contract.
3.3 All payments to be made by Client to Consultant under the present Contract shall be made by telegraphic transfer. In case of any payment by Client, the payment shall be effected through__________in China to _________ for the account of Consultant.
In consideration for the services provided by Consultant hereunder, Client shall effect the payment to Consultant in accordance with the following manner and percentage:
3.3.1 _______ percent (________ %) of the total contract price, i.e._____________ (Say: ________ only), shall be paid by Client to Consultant within ________ (____) days after the client has received the following documents provided by Consultant and found them in order.
A. One (1) original and two (2) duplicate copies of Consultant's government approval, or a written statement of the competent authorities or relevant agency of Consultant's country certifying that such document is not required;
B. One (1) original and one (1) duplicate copy of Irrevocable Letter of Guarantee for advance payment issued by Consultant's Bank in favor of Client covering_______(Say:________ only), specimen of which is as per Appendix 4;
C. Five (5) copies of profoma invoice covering the total contract price;
D. Five (5) copies of manually signed commercial invoice indicating the amount to be paid;
E. Two (2) copies of sight draft.
The said shall be delivered by Consultant not later than ____days after the effective date of the ________present Contract.
3.3.2 ________percent (____%) of the Contract price for Item 1, i.e._________ (Say: __________ only) shall be paid by Client to Consultant within _____ (__) days after Consultant has received the following documents provided by Consultant and found them in order.
A. Ten (10) copies of technical service report on Item 1;
B. Five (5) copies of manually signed commercial invoice indicating the amount to be paid;
C. Two (2) copies of sight draft.
3.3.3 ________ percent (____%) of the Contract price for Item 2, i.e. ___________ (Say: ____________ only) shall be paid by Client to Consultant within ________ (___) days after Licensee has received the following documents provided by Consultant and found themin order.
A. Ten (10) copies of technical service report on Item 1;
B. Five (5) copies of manually signed commercial invoice indicating the amount to be paid;
C. Two (2) copies of sight draft.
3.3.4 ________percent (____%) of the Contract price for Item 3, i.e._________ (Say: __________ only) shall be paid by Client to Consultant within _____ (__) days after Consultant has received the following documents provided by Consultant and found them in order.
A. Ten (10) copies of technical service report on Item 1;
B. Five (5) copies of manually signed commercial invoice indicating the amount to be paid;
C. Two (2) copies of sight draft.
3.3.5 ________percent (____%) of the Contract price for Item 4, i.e._________ (Say: __________ only) shall be paid by Client to Consultant within _____ (__) days after Consultant has received the following documents provided by Consultant and found them in order.
A. Ten (10) copies of technical service report on Item 1;
B. Five (5) copies of manually signed commercial invoice indicating the amount to be paid;
C. Two (2) copies of sight draft.
3.3.6 ________percent (____%) of the Total Contract price , i.e._________ (Say: __________ only) shall be paid by Client to Consultant within _____ (__) days after Consultant has received the following documents provided by Consultant and found them in order.
A. Five (5) copies of manually signed commercial invoice indicating the amount to be paid;
B. Two (2) copies of sight draft.
3.4 In case Consultant is liable for paying to Client the penalty under the Contract, Client shall have the right to deduct it from any said payment.
3.5 The banking charges of both parties incurred in China for the execution of the Contract shall be borne by Client and those incurred outside China shall be borne by Consultant.
Article 4 Delivery Schedule
4.1 The deadline for the arrival of the Technical service reports CIF _____ are:
A. Technical service report on Item 1 : _________months after effectiveness of the Contract;
B. Technical service report on Item 2 : _________months after effectiveness of the Contract;
C. Technical service report on Item 3 : _________months after effectiveness of the Contract;
D. Technical service report on Item 4 : ________months after effectiveness of the Contract.
4.2 Consultant will inform Client by Fax when the Technical service reports are airmailed to Client indicating the date and number of airway bill. Client will inform Consultant when the Technical service reports have been received.
4.3 Should any document be missing or damaged during the transport Consultant shall be notified accordingly and within two (2) weeks the missing or damaged document shall be replaced by Consultant free of charge.
Article 5 Confidentiality
5.1 All data assembled, developed, compiled, reproduced, studied, and prepared in connection with the work done hereunder and furnished to Consultant by Client shall be considered confidential and shall not be divulged to any person, firm or corporation other than Client or its designated representatives. This Clause shall remain binding on Consultant notwithstanding the termination of the Contract for any reason.
5.2 Within the validity period of Contract, Both parties shall take proper measures to keep the materials or information strictly confidential. The other party shall not disclose or divulge to any third party without prior written consent of one party.
5.3 Either party shall be obliged to keep confidential any secret information of the other party which either party and its personnel may obtain or be accessible to in the course of the performance of Contract. Either party shall not make use of or disclose such secret information obtained from the other party without prior written permission issued by the other party.
Article 6 Taxes and Duties
6.1 All taxes and duties in connection with and in the execution of Contract levied by the Chinese government on Client in accordance with the tax laws of PRC shall be borne by Client.
6.2 All taxes and duties levied by the Chinese government on Consultant, in connection with and in the execution of Contract, according to Chinese tax laws and the agreement between the government of PRC and the government of Consultant's country for the reciprocal avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income shall be borne by Consultant.
Client is legally obliged to withhold, as a withholding agent, the amount of taxes pro rata each taxable payment under Contract and pay them to the relevant Chinese tax authorities. After receiving the tax receipts issued by the relevant Chinese tax authorities for the aforesaid withholding taxes, Client shall forward them to Consultant without undue delay.
6.3 All taxes and duties arising outside PRC in connection with and in the execution of Contract shall be borne by Consultant.
Article 7 Warranty
7.1 Consultant warrants that he has the experience and capability to efficiently and expeditiously perform the services in a satisfactory manner and that the services performed by him under this Contract shall be performed by competent personnel in accordance with accepted standards.
7.2 In the event of a failure of Consultant to provide to Client satisfactory services within the scope of work described in Appendix at any time for any reason within the control of the Consultant, Client may notify Consultant of such dissatisfaction. Consultant shall be afforded a period of days to correct or remedy the matter. Should Consultant within the time afforded by Client fail to correct or remedy the matter to the satisfaction of Client, all charges shall cease forthwith until such time as Consultant is able to provide satisfactory services in accordance with the Scope of work described in Appendix.
7.3 Consultant guarantees to Client that he shall, after receipt of notice from Client, promptly correct at no cost any errors in the services arising out of the negligent performance thereof.
Article 8 Ownership of Technical Service Reports
8.1 Final version of the technical service report submitted to Client and all relevant data such as maps, plans and supporting material compiled in performing the Scope of Services, shall be the property of Client. Such materials shall be sorted and indexed by Consultant prior to transmission to Client.
8.2 Consultant shall be permitted to retain copies thereof, provided however that such materials, including the material furnished by Client as stated in Article 5 of this Contract, shall not be used by Consultant for purposes not related with this Project without the prior written approval of Client.
Article 9 Assignment
9.1 Neither Client nor Consultant shall assign or sublet their rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the other party.
Article 10 Termination
10.1 If, due to the responsibility of Consultant, the technical service reports have not been delivered at dates according to the delivery schedules as stipulated in Article 4 of the Contract, Consultant shall be obliged to pay to Client penalty for such delay in delivery at the following rates:
A. ______ percent (____%) of the total contract price per week for the first four weeks;
B. _____ percent (____%) of the total contract price per week from the fifth week to the eighth week;
C. ______ percent (____%) of the total contract price per week from the ninth week of delay.
Odd days less than one (1) week shall be counted as one (1) week for calculating the liquidated damage.
10.2 The total liquidated damage for late delivery shall not exceed ______ percent (____%) of the total contract price. Payment of the liquidated damage for late delivery shall not release
Consultant from its obligation to deliver technical service reports.
10.3 Client may, without prejudice to any other remedy for Consultant's following breach of Contract, terminate Contract in whole or in part by a written notice of default send to Consultant, if Consultant
A. Fails to deliver any or all of technical service reports within______(____) days after the scheduled delivery date as specified in Article 1; or
B. Fails to make the technical service reports meet the minimum level of Acceptance Standards as specified in Appendix 1.
Consultant shall refund to Client all the payments effected by Client to Consultant plus an interest at the rate of______ percent (____%) per annum in case of such a termination.
10.4 Either party may, without prejudice to any other remedy, terminate Contract in whole or in part by a written notice send to the other party, if the other party.
A. fails to perform its confidentiality obligation under Contract; or
B. fails to perform any other obligations under Contract except minor parts thereof, and does not remedy for its failure within a period of______ (____) days upon receipt of the written notice or a period agreed upon between the parties; or
C. becomes bankrupt or insolvent; or
D.Affected by any event of Force Majeure for more than ______ days.
Article 11 Force Majeure
11.1 Should either party be prevented from performing any of its obligations under Contract due to event of Force Majeure, such as war, serious fire, typhoon, earthquake, flood and any other events which could not be expected, avoided and overcome, the affected party shall notify the other party of its occurrence by fax and send by registered airmail a certificate issued by the competent authorities or agency within fourteen (14) days following its occurrence.
11.2 The affected party shall not be liable for any delay or failure in performing any or all of its obligations due to the event of Force Majeure. However, the affected party shall inform the other party by fax the termination or elimination of the event of Force Majeure without delay.
11.3 Both parties shall proceed with their obligations immediately after the cease of the event of Force Majeure or removal of the effects. The validity period of Contract and/or the scheduled period for relative execution of Contract shall be extended correspondingly.
Article 12 Arbitration
12.1 Any dispute arising from or in connection with this Contract shall be submitted to China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission，Shenzhen Commission for arbitration in accordance with the Commission's arbitration rules in effect at the time of applying for arbitration. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties and the applicable law is the material law of P.R.C.
12.2 Notwithstanding any reference to arbitration, both Parties shall continue to perform their respective obligations under the Contract unless otherwise agreed.
Article 13 Language and Standards
13.1 Correspondance except this Contract between Client and Consultant, data and documents made available by Client to Consultant and the technical service reports and drawings prepared by Consultant shall be in the English language.
13.2 Measures shall be written in the metric system.
Article 14 Governing Law
14.1 The construction, validity and performance of this Contract shall be governed by the laws of the People's Republic of China.
Chapter 15 Effectiveness of the Contract and Miscellaneous
15.1 Both parties shall make effort to obtain the approval from the respective authorities, if necessary, within thirty (30) days after Contract is signed by the authorized representatives of the two parties. Either Party shall notify in writing the other party of the approval date. The later date of approval shall be taken as the Date of Effectiveness of Contract.
15.2 Contract shall be valid and remain in force for_______(____) years from the Date of Effectiveness.
15.3 The outstanding credit and debt between the parties under Contract shall not be affected upon the termination or expiration of Contract.
舒服英文范文2
關鍵詞：課文復述;具體實施;糾錯
一、課文復述在英語教學中的意義
1.英語教學實際的需要
人教版教材以話題為單位，在教材處理上教師往往著重文章的分析，知識點的講解，為此占用了大量的課堂時間;而單詞的背誦、知識點的記憶也花費了學生大量的時間和精力，教師疲于講，學生疲于記，可時隔兩單元學生對于學過的內容非常模糊，甚至毫無印象。高中教材閱讀篇幅長，不適于整篇背誦;選擇段落背誦又割裂了文章的整體性。
2.符合新課標的要求
《義務教育英語課程標準》對學生的語言技能、語言知識、情感態度、學習策略和文化意識都提出了更高的要求。復述課文有利于培養學生的綜合語言運用能力。
二、教學中的具體實施
1.最簡單的“原汁原味”
摘選好的原句便于學生理解知識點的使用和句式的模仿。
例：必修一Unit 1 Anne’s best friend
I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I have grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
2.圖片復述法
例：必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes第一段描述地震前自然界的反常景象，如閃電，井沿裂縫，井水上溢。Pre-reading恰好有符合課文描述的圖片。第二、三、四段描述地震后破壞和救援的情景，我下載汶川大地震的圖片配合關鍵詞如ruins， be injured， be destroyed等幫助學生完成復述。
3.表格復述法
即用表格呈現文章脈絡，適用于說明類文章如必修3 Unit1 Festivals around the world介紹古代節日的起源，涉及節日名稱多，文化背景知識繁多，適宜設計表格幫助學生理解文章并完成復述。
4.關鍵詞提示法
對于課文結構脈絡不太明顯，內容又多的文章，可提取關鍵詞幫助學生把握主旨大意，像必修一Unit 4 Earthquake文章可分地震前（預兆）、中（毀壞）、后（救援），分別讓學生找名詞、數字、動詞進行復述。
5.線索復述法
對于以時間，地點轉移或故事發展為線索的文章，如必修2 Unit 3 computer可根據時間線索完成計算機發展史的復述。
6.流程圖記憶法
如必修2 Unit 1 Cultural relics介紹俄羅斯稀世珍寶琥珀屋。可用流程圖呈現幾位國王對琥珀屋的不同用途，以協助記憶完成復述。
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7.故事接龍復述法
適用于情節較強的記敘文，例：必修3 Unit 3 healthy Eating 綜合技能涉及牛郎織女的故事可以用此方法復述。
8.角色扮演復述法
如必修2 Unit 2 the Olympic Games 中The Story of Atlanta講述希臘經典神話故事，學生扮演公主Atlanta，年輕人Hippomenes和國王，興趣盎然地完成了文章復述，甚至續演了故事結局。
三、復述應注意的問題
1.授予方法，正確引導
教師協助學生理清文章脈絡，從整體上認識文章，如幫助學生找出文章主題句或通過上下文內在含義歸納大意等。
2.不同層次，不同內容，區別對待
也就是不同層次的學生要有不同的復述要求。不同的教學內容要用不同的復述形式，實現因材施教。
3.適時糾錯，給予信心
學生復述過程中出現的錯誤不要中途打斷，等復述完畢后更正;盡量采用間接方法糾錯，以免挫傷學生積極性，多鼓勵、表揚，給學生創造體驗成功的機會。
4.注意合作，提高效率
融洽的師生關系是有效教學的前提，教師在學生復述時，要善于察言觀色，注意師生之間的密切配合，讓學生各抒己見，互相探討。
復述課文有利于促進“師―生―教材”三位一體。課文復述為學生提供了鍛煉語言表達能力的機會和展示自我的舞臺。通常，學生都有較強的表現欲，渴望老師和同學們的認可和賞識。通過不斷的復述實踐，他們會漸漸愛上這個舞臺，進而提高學習英語的積極性和自信心。課文復述是促進英語學習的有效方法，這種綜合性強而又富有創造性的活動形式，教師在平常教學過程中合理地加以利用，對于培養學生言語表達能力是十分重要的。
舒服英文范文3
目的：觀察術中溫生理鹽水沖洗腹腔對婦科腹腔鏡手術病人術后康復的影響。方法：將76例婦科腹腔鏡手術病人隨機分為實驗組和對照組各38例，實驗組病人術中用恒溫箱中38 ℃生理鹽水沖洗，對照組病人術中按常規給予室溫下保管的生理鹽水沖洗。比較兩組病人術中體溫變化、術后排氣情況、術后創口及肩部疼痛程度以及住院時間，并作統計學處理。結果 ：實驗組術中體溫穩定、術后排氣出現早、疼痛評分低、不適主訴少，與對照組比較，差異有顯著性。結論：術中溫生理鹽水沖洗能更有效地促進婦科腹腔鏡手術病人的術后康復。
【關鍵詞】 婦科 腹腔鏡手術 腹腔沖洗 術后康復
與開腹手術比較，腹腔鏡手術以其手術效果好、患者痛苦少、恢復快、微創等優點得到日益廣泛的應用，并有取代開腹手術之趨勢。但其手術的重大心理、生理應激、二氧化碳氣腹狀態下的壓力影響、術后疼痛不適、術后并發癥等仍然是影響病人恢復的重要原因。為了改善上述情況，從而更好的促進腹腔鏡病人的術后康復，我院通過對婦科腹腔鏡病人術中用室溫下生理鹽水和恒溫箱中38 ℃生理鹽水沖洗的比較研究，探討后者的臨床價值。現將結果報告如下。
1 臨床資料
1.1 一般資料 自2007年3月-2008年2月間，選取本院婦科因附件巧克力囊腫、畸胎瘤行腹腔鏡手術的病人76例（均系同一位醫師主刀），年齡17～53歲。隨機分為觀察和對照組各38例，實驗組術中用恒溫箱中38 ℃生理鹽水沖洗，對照組術中按常規給予室溫下保管的生理鹽水沖洗。兩組病人在年齡、手術前準備、麻醉方式、手術操作方法、手術時間、術中用氣量、術后處理及手術種類等方面差異均無顯著性，術前肝腎功能正常，無重大心肺疾患及代謝紊亂。兩組病人在腹腔鏡手術結束前均行盆腔徹底沖洗，沖洗液量為1 000～4 500 mL。
1.2 方法 將手術室溫度控制在24 ℃，相對濕度為40%～60%。手術采用氣管插管全身麻醉，二氧化碳氣腹壓力設定為13 mmHg，手術為頭低腳高位。實驗組病人術中用恒溫箱中38 ℃生理鹽水沖洗，對照組病人術中按常規給予室溫下保管的22～24 ℃生理鹽水沖洗。
1.3 觀察項目 ①術前、術畢體溫比較；②術后腸蠕動恢復時間；③腹部、肩部疼痛評分（采用數字分級法NRS，將疼痛程度從輕到重分為0～10分，由病房責任護士評估）；④并發癥發生情況及住院時間，并發癥包括麻醉意外、電熱損傷、血管損傷、臟器損傷等。
1.4 統計學處理方法 采用t檢驗。
2 結果
2.1 手術前后的體溫變化 見表1。
2.2 術后排氣時間、疼痛評分及住院時間 見表2。
2.3 并發癥發生情況 僅對照組發生1例腸管損傷，經外科醫師會診后予以修補，術后延長禁食時間，恢復良好。
3 討論
3.1 手術前后的體溫變化 手術對病人是一種重大的心理、生理應激過程，心理上的恐懼和生理上的創傷直接影響病人的術后康復。圍手術期常發生低體溫（34 ℃
有研究表明，加強圍手術期低體溫護理如輸注加溫液體、手術臺鋪電熱毯等，也有報告前列腺電切或膀胱腫瘤電切時加溫沖洗液后沖洗膀胱，可改善病人低體溫及凝血功能障礙等。而本研究中的大量溫生理鹽水沖洗腹腔減少了病人熱量的丟失，維護了腸腔的正常體溫，使病人術中生命體征穩定，術后寒戰發生率降低。
3.2 排氣時間、疼痛評分及住院時間比較 手術后疼痛是傷害性刺激如組織損傷及疾病本身病理改變所引起的一種機體反射性的復雜的生理反應和感知，是手術操作造成的直接組織損傷、神經損傷和繼發于組織損傷后炎癥反應傳入的結果，造成機體各系統一系列的病理生理改變和心理、行為的變化，從而直接影響病人術后的恢復情況。腹腔鏡術后疼痛的組成復雜，包括腹壁傷口痛、深部臟器痛及肩痛三種類型。而大量的溫生理鹽水徹底沖洗盆腔，可以清除血液、滲出物、異物、電灼后的壞死物，特別對畸胎瘤中的脂肪組織起溶解作用，利于清除，防止脂肪組織黏附于腸管上，進而減輕炎性反應，沖洗液進入體內時的溫度與體溫大致相等，刺激降低，使病人術后疼痛減輕。反復盆腔沖洗還可使腹腔壓力忽高忽低，造成膈肌反復緊張-松弛-緊張活動，這類似于放松肌肉的活動，也可使上腹及肩部疼痛減輕[3]。而38 ℃生理鹽水對腸腔體溫的維護，加上炎性反應的減輕，疼痛評分的降低，有利于病人的早期活動，使術后腸麻痹發生率大大降低，從而有利于腸蠕動提早恢復。
結果發現，上述措施有效地防止了腹腔鏡病人術中體溫下降和熱能丟失，保持術中體溫恒定，使術后排氣時間提早，疼痛減輕，有利于正常飲食、活動，并可早日康復出院。但對于腹腔鏡下卵巢腫瘤剝出術病人，在病灶剝出后卵巢表面凝血過程中，應予以冷生理鹽水沖洗以冷卻卵巢表面組織，保護卵巢剩余組織的功能。
參考文獻
[1] 趙書娥，尹靈朔，趙莉.圍手術期低溫及其護理[J].國外醫學:護理學分冊，1999，18(1):12-13.
舒服英文范文4
2. do you do?
3. grade are you in ?
4. are you going ?
5. your last name ?
6. is your English teacher ?
7. are you going to buy for your daughter?
8. books are there on the desk? Daniel’s.
9. books are there on the desk? Three.
10. are you? 13.
11. is it? Sixty yuan.
12. is it now? It’s 7:00p.m.
13. can I go to the cinema? By bus.
14. one is yours? The yellow one.
15 is your mother? She is well.
16. milk is there in the glass? A little.
17. is on duty today?
18. is the girl under the tree?
19. is your new coat? Black.
20. do you do your homework every day? For two hours.
21. shall we leave? What about 8:00a.m.
舒服英文范文5
一、復習目標
1、通過復習將小數四則運算加以系統整理，加深理解小數的意義、性質，小數乘法和除法的意義，熟練地進行小數乘法和除法的筆算和簡單的口算，進一步提高整數、小數四則混合運算的能力。
2、會用字母表示數，表示常見的數量關系，初步理解方程的含義，會解簡易方程。
3、在掌握用算術方法解應用題的基礎上，會列方程解兩、三步計算的應用題，能夠根據應用題的具體情況靈活地選用算術解決和方程式的解法。
4、在復習過程中，能根據解決問題的需求，收集有用的信息，進行歸納、類比與猜測、發展初步的合情推理能力。能表達解決問題的過程并嘗試解釋所得的結果。體驗數學與日常生活密切相關，認識許多實際問題可以借助數學方法來解決，并可借助數學語言來表述和交流。
二、復習題型
（一）基礎知識
1、填空。2、判斷。3、選擇。
（二）計算。
1、口算。2、豎式計算及驗算；3、簡便計算；4、小數四則混合運算；5、解簡易方程；6、文字題。
（三）操作部分。
1、公頃與平方千米。2、測量的有關知識。3、實際應用。
（四）應用題
1、解題思路。2、列方程解應用題或算術方法解應用題。3、適當加深題。
三、復習策略建議
1、強化目標意識。復習時要樹立目標意識，在認真學習新課程標準，鉆研教材的基礎上，能結合本班學生實際，在教材的知識結構和學生認知結構的結合點上下力氣，花功夫。復習時既有共同基本要求，又有“一把鑰匙開一把鎖”的個別輔導，從而真正使所有學生通過系統的復習，使知識得到鞏固，數學素質得到提高。
2、在復習計算部分時，既要重視基礎知識的基本技能，又不能停留在讓學生死記硬背、照搬硬套。而應該看作是訓練思維，發展智能，激發興趣，培養正確學習習慣的過程。（1）重視口算。（2）弄清算理與法則。（3）掌握運算定律與性質：復習時應引導學生進行歸類，弄清使用的前提條件，同時要求學生能自覺地根據題目結構的特征進行簡算。（4）在復習過程中，要注意根據新課程標準的要求把握尺度。先澄清學生對運算法則、性質、定律等基礎知識方面的模糊認識，再組織練習，老師應不斷了解反饋信息，及時點撥評講。一方面使學生經常體驗到成功的喜悅，激發復習計算知識的興趣，另一方面能針對學生的缺陷幫助剖析錯因，教給糾正方法，減少出現類似失誤。
3、復習土地面積計算時：（1）溝通聯系形成網絡，應幫助學生把零散的幾何知識縱橫溝通起來。形成一個合理的幾何系統，以便學生從整體結構來認識單個知識。（2）深化理解，提高能力，領悟數學思想，會聯系生活經驗對結果進行估算檢驗。（3）操作實踐、動手操作技能是學生的薄弱環節，復習時應指導學生正確使用有關工具，掌握正確的操作方法。新晨
4、復習簡易方程時：（1）用字母表示數，復習時先明確“字母”和“數”的含義。（2）解簡易方程：辨析等式與方程，方程的解與解方程等有關概念，掌握四則運算之間的關系。（3）列方程解應用題：復習時，要讓學生抓住特點，理清一般解題步驟注意與算術解法的區別。解題時要注意方法的靈活性。
舒服英文范文6
【關鍵詞】復述課文；綜合訓練；自信心；培養能力
復述課文是外語教學中的一種綜合訓練，是培養學生運用外語能力的有效手段。在英語教學中科學地指導學生復述課文，為學生提供施展語言才能的機會，使學生不斷提高學習興趣，增強大膽實踐的信心，有助于提高學生概括和整理語言的能力，從而把語言知識轉化為言語接觸，鞏固所學知識。在復述過程中既要注意語言的結構形式，又要注意語言的內容。因此，復述是學生識記，掌握語言知識，并使其轉化為實際運用能力的一種行之有效的方法。復述作為一種綜合性較強，而又富有創造性的訓練形式，在整個中學外語教學中起著不可忽視的重要作用。
復述課文對培養學生的自信心，提高學生學習外語的興趣都大有好處。復述在訓練學生口頭語言表達能力的同時，也訓練了學生的多種思維品質。一般來說，學生都有較強的自我表現欲，并希望得到老師和同學們的認可和賞識。復述正利用了學生這種心理，給學生提供了表現自我，展示能力的機會。通過復述，學生口頭語言表達能力得到了提高，同時又促進了聽、讀、寫三種能力的發展，從而增強了學習的自信心，更自覺愉快地參與到學習中去，真正成為學習的主人。
一、復述課文可以強化學生學習英語的主動性
復述課文是以課文為基本依據的，理解課文中的單詞、短語、句子就成了起碼的要求。單詞、短語、句子讀不通，課文就讀不懂，更談不上復述了，因而復述課文就要求學生對單詞、短語、句子等由于英語知識不能只停留在理解上，還必須能正確地運用；不僅能運用新學的英語知識，還必須調動以往所學的英語知識。從這個意義上說，復述課文對學生英語知識的學習和運用起到強化作用。因此教師就要創設情景，活躍氣氛，增強學生的參與意識，激發他們主動開口的欲望。學生是學習的主體，學生參與度的高低與教學效果成正比。而學生因個性差異在課堂上的表現各不相同。有些學生性格開朗，善于表現自己；有些學生性格內向，或基礎較差，或有先天的發音缺陷而產生不同程度的自卑心理，不敢開口說英語，怕暴漏自己的缺陷與不足。這種心理導致學生眼中的焦慮感，而焦慮感與學生的口語水平通常呈負相關，焦慮感越強，口語水平就越低。 因此，在教學過程中，用“聽”的方法來充分調動學生的聽覺器官，讓他們感知課文材料，理解課文的主旨。在放錄音，讓學生聽課文的同時，要求他們找出課文的或每段的關鍵詞。放完錄音，讓學生看黑板，在黑板上列出關鍵的詞語和詞組，利用提示的單詞和詞組，讓學生先自己復述一遍，然后跟老師復述第二遍。讓學生邊看黑板邊復述，這樣，由詞串句，由句串段，由段及篇，逐步擴展。最后讓學生獨立復述，卡殼時給與適當地提示。一旦學生開始說英語，教師就應給予鼓勵，激發他們的成就感，樹立他們主動開口的信心，使之逐漸形成說英語的習慣。
二、復述課文有利于培養學生閱讀、說話等各方面的能力
復述課文是指讓學生把課文的內容用自己的話說出來。因而這一訓練本身首先就要求學生必須認真閱讀課文、熟悉課文內容，達到閱讀的認知層次。即通過對語言這一物質外殼的認識，去獲得課文所提供的大量信息，對文章的基本內容和特點有一個完整的、粗略的感知。要想復述好課文，則必須對課文的內容和形式有一定的了解，知道該文重點寫了哪些材料，文章的順序及體裁，主要表達的意思等等。這樣，學生在別無選擇的基礎上，強制性地去閱讀課文，理解課文，從而也使學生的閱讀能力得到鍛煉和提高。
就復述來說，通過不斷地練習，復述的效率會更高，通過復述課文，可以讓學生掌握正確的語音語調，把握語速、語流，連貫性和流暢性，掌握說英語的種種技巧，從而迅速提高口語表達能力。其次，復述課文并不是機械地重復課文，而是用自己的語言說出課文的內容，它是一種創造性的活動。而這種創造活動又是有據可依的，課文的語言已為復述者提供了一個榜樣，或者說一種模式。所以可以說復述課文就成了提高學生特別是基礎較差的學生說話能力的階梯。
三、復述課文可以強化理解和記憶水平
要將看到或讀到的英語課文的主要內容完整、準確地表述出來，學生首先要理解課文內容。為此，他們必須專心于所看、所讀的材料，努力去掌握足夠的信息要點，并將其儲存，記憶一些重要的內容，如關鍵詞、時間、地點、人物、事件的發展，以便使自己能夠準確無誤地復述。
學生想要復述好課文，首先要熟練掌握課文內容，要聯系以前學過的語言知識，運用新學的詞匯、句型和習語，注意語法結構運用合理的想象，重新構思安排情節，對語言材料加以改造。在新舊語言知識的串連過程中，不僅鍛煉和提高了正確處理語言的能力，還鍛煉了學生有意記憶、歸納概括的能力，并促進了思維的發展，同時還可以達到復習鞏固的目的。能復述出課文的大意，即是記住了所學的短語、語言點等等，因此說復述的過程實際是理解和記憶的過程，學生將自己看到或讀到的語言信息輸入大腦，經過認知、對比、分析、理解、記憶、等一系列的思維活動，對語言進行加工，然后復述出來。在對課文內容和語境理解及記憶的基礎上，展開課文語言知識的教學。從課文語言形式角度進一步分析和學習課文，體現詞句關系， 同時可以通過上下文用英語解釋英語。此外，對于課文中重復出現的語言知識，要利用課文語境體現知識點的用法，從而加深記憶，使運用能力得到升華。新語言知識的呈現更要在語境中掌握，密切結合學生生活的實際，使之形象化，易于理解和記憶。
在這個過程中，無論是詞語的選擇，還是句子的組織，都是理解能力的體現。學生通過復述可以增加詞匯量，掌握單詞、短語、句型的實際用法和各項語法規則；可以強化對新知識的記憶、鞏固，并把新舊知識有機結合加以運用，使英語知識日趨豐富，從而為英語綜合能力的提高奠定堅實的基礎。
四、復述課文可以使“啞巴英語”變為“交際英語”
英語作為一項交際工具，有口頭語與書面語兩種形式。英語教學的目的就在于培養學生實際應用語言的能力，學會用口語和書面語表情達意。然而，我們的學生在學習英語過程中，往往只重視語法知識的積累，忽略表達能力的培養，特別是口頭表達能力更令人擔憂。他們雖然熟悉語法，卻不能得體表達；他們雖能熟讀課文，甚至背誦許多語言材料，卻不能在必要時用于交際。因此，課堂上應多開展意義和形式相聯系的活動，將語言知識的傳授、語言技能的訓練與交際能力的培養結合起來。教師應該在課內注重營造語言環境，指導學生進行語言實踐，促使語言表達能力的形成。
教學活動是師生間的雙邊活動。教師應充分當好導演的角色，善于發揮學生的主體作用，創造相應的氛圍，以喚起學生的學習興趣，激發學生的求知欲。老師把枯燥無味的單詞、句型，通過一定語法編成富有意義或趣味無窮的短文，然后可讓學生模仿著復述，漸漸過渡到鼓勵學生用各自的思維方式進行復述。在一般情況下，復述以一個人為主。但有時課文內容較長，要求基礎較差的學生復述整篇課文有一定難度。這時，便可采用“接力”復述這種形式。復述為學生提供說的機會，體現了外語教學的交際性，復述徹底地把“啞巴英語”變成“交際英語”。這種做法體現著名語言學家別利亞耶夫的自覺實踐法。自覺實踐法注意外語教學的交際性原則。外語教學必須從口語開始，因為口頭交際是語言的重要功能。要整句教，因為人們進行交際，用的是句子，掌握了句子，才能更好地進行交際。要利用情景教外語，在情景當中學外語，說外語，才能更好地學會使用外語，并培養用外語進行思維的能力。
列如：在教學GO FOR IT BOOKII（B） Unit 3的課文Do you remember what you were doing ？中，設計的問題如下：
When was Dr. Martin Luther King killed？
What was Robert Allen doing when he heard the news？
How did Robert feel when he walked home with his friends？
When was the World Trade Centre destroyed by terrorists？
When did man first walk on the moon？
Who became the first Chinese astronaut in space？
How long did he stay in space？